Lesson 16: 我把这事儿忘了

1. I.Grammar
   

1. 1.The simple directional complement "来" and "去"
   

1. a."来" and "去" are often placed after certain verbs to act as their complements.  If the action moves towards the speaker, one should use "来";  and if the action moves away from the speaker, one should use "去":
   

2. •他上楼去了 (He went upstairs)
   

3. •请进来 (Please come in)
   

2. b.If a verb with a simple directional complement has an object, it should be placed between the verb and its complement.
   

3. •我回家去 (I'm going back home)
   

4. •我到学校去 (I'm going to school)
   

3. c.Note the negative and V/A-not-V/A questions forms:
   

4. •我没有回家去 (I didn't go home)
   

5. •你有没有回家去？ Or 你回没回家去？(Did you go back home?)
   

2. 2.The "把" sentence - verbal predicate:
   

1. a."把" is frequently used in Chinese to emphasize the position of the object that has been transposed/changed.  In such a sentence, the preposition "把" and its object must be placed between the subject and the verb.  Note it requires the particle "了" at the end.  Examples:
   

2. •我把书还了 (I have the book returned, OR, I returned the book)
   

3. •我把这事儿忘了 (I have forgotten this thing, OR, I forgot this thing)
   

4. •你把借书证办了没有? (Have you gotten your library card? OR, Did you get your library card?)
   

3. 3.The time-measure complement
   

1. a.The time-measure complement is used after a verb to indicate the duration of an action or state.  In a complete sentence, the verb is duplicated after the object, however, the first verb is usually omitted in oral expression:
   

2. •丁力波 (学) 汉语学了半年 (Ding Libo has studied Chinese for a half year)
   

2. b.The negative form:
   

3. •丁立波没有学习半年，他只学习了三个月 (Ding Libo did not study for a half year, he has only studied for three months)
   

3. c.The interrogative question form:
   

4. •丁立波汉语学了多久? Or 丁立波汉语学了多长时间? (How long has Ding Libo studied Chinese?)
   

4. 4."就" as an emphasis for "readiness" or "quickness"
   

1. a.The adverb "就" is often used to suggest the readiness or quickness for an action:
   

2. •你现在就可以借书 (You can start borrowing books right now)
   

3. •马大为刚走，林娜就来了(No sooner had Ma Dawei left than Lin Na came)
   

（一）

宋华：这是北京图书馆。我们进去吧。

丁力波：这个图书馆真大。

宋华：办公室在三楼，我们上楼去，先把借书证办了。

丁力波：今天就可以借书吗？

宋华：可以，一会儿下来借书⋯⋯

        三楼到了。我看看，是这个办公室。

丁力波：先生，我想办借书证。

工作人员：您带照片来了吗？

丁力波：带来了。

工作人员：请先填一张表。

宋华：力波，你从那儿拿一张表来。我告诉你怎么填。

丁力波：我汉字写得太慢，你来填吧。

宋华：不行。现在你在中国生活，你应该自己填表。

丁力波：好吧，我自己写。“姓名“？

宋华：“丁力波“。

丁力波：“性别”写什么？

宋华：自己看。

丁力波：自---己---看？啊，性别应该写“男”。“职业”呢？

宋华：写“学生”。好了。你把这张表和照片交了，一会儿那位先生就给你借

        书证了。

（二）

宋华：我们借书证办了多长时间？

丁力波：办了十五分钟，办得真快。

宋华：今天办证的人不多。力波，听说你们上星期考试了，你考得怎么样？

丁力波：我口语考得不错，可是翻译考得不太好，语法也有很多问题。我想借 

       新的汉语课本看看。

宋华：现在我们就去借书，我们从这儿出去。我得先把上次借的书还了。

丁力波：这儿的书可以借多长时间。

宋华：可以借一个月。

先生，我还书。

工作人员：好。⋯⋯您的书过期了，您得交罚款。

宋华：真对不起，这个月太忙，我把这事儿忘了。罚多少钱？

工作人员：一本书过期一天罚两毛，您借了四本书，过了十天，应该交八块钱。

宋华：给您八块。请问，汉语课本在哪儿？

工作人员：那儿有电脑，您可以先查查。

丁力波：有外国人学汉语的新课本吗？

工作人员：有。您找一找《新实用汉语课本》。