Painting and Photographic images of a nation in turmoil.
- Emerson
- Cole
- Catlin
- Thoreau
- Marsh
- The eastern United States was settled by land grants and the land survey system to establish very small farms.
- The west required reclamation by means of irrigation and that was passed by Congress in the Newland's Act, creating the Bureau of Reclamation for that purpose of creating farms in the arid regions.
Diverse ways of interpreting American landscapes
Mumford on the national importance of landscape
DuBois and the Black Belt, an alternative vision
threats to the public domain
Two further means of seeing beneath the surface:
• Paintings by George Catlin, Thomas Cole's school & Frederick Church & Childe Hassam.
• photographs Alfred Stieglitz, and painting Georgia O'keeffe.
Alfred Stieglitz (January 1, 1864 – July 13, 1946) was an American photographer and modern art promoter who was effective over his fifty-year career in making photography an accepted art form.
Georgia Totto O'Keeffe (November 15, 1887 – March 6, 1986) was an American artist born near Sun Prairie, Wisconsin and died in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
The laws:
Distinguishing the public trust, public domain & an idea of a commons as sources of a preservationist tradition in America.
• Commerce & the Public Trust,
Siry: Marshes pp. 62-82. Plume bird visit.
• The Public Trust doctrine, the arguments for a national treasure; watersheds & water levels
writing to recover community- A class activity.
• CFAM Protecting the past on Canvass and the Ground–
Siry: Marsh, Shaler, and Shelford, Marshes pp. 83-111.
The tradition and counter traditions
• The Organic revolt against laissez-faire: John Wesley Powell,
French ideas of laissez faire, to allow to make or do without interference.
Powell's irrigation survey and vision. 1874-1888
Ellet, Marsh, and Powell; all see the delusions in ideas.
More details of the conflict
- Emergence of land realism
- the "restoration of disturbed harmonies"
- Fish Commission
- Forestry Division
- A national reclamation policy 1900, Newlands Act.
- Executive action by Theodore Roosevelt angered the Congressional leaders
- Democratic reform took effect – a directly elected Senate: May 31, 1913.
1832, Catlin, proposed a park
1855, Olmsted: Central park NYC
1864, Olmsted: Yosemite park
1864, George Marsh Man & Nature
1869, Powell down the Grand Canyon
1871 US Fish Commission
1872, Yellowstone
1872, Arbor day
1872, Powell's Arid Regions plan
1882, Forestry division
1885, NY; Adirondack preserve
1888, Powell's Irrigation Survey
1891, Forest Reserves
1892, Great Depression
1900, Lacey Act
1901, Newland's Act
1908, Grand Canyon monument
1909, Pinchot-Ballinger rift
1911, Weeks Act, forests
1916, National Park Service
1920, National Water Power Act
1926, Surplus in the food markets
1929, Stock Market crash
1933, drought on the High Plains
1934, Black Sunday on Great Plains
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The public domain
Albert Bierstadt, Yosemite Valley.
See Second summary page on Lewis Mumford and interpreting the American landscape
- 2.1) Painting Frederick Church and photos Alfred Stieglitz, writing to uncover artistic meaning.
- –Siry: Marsh, Shaler, and Shelford, Marshes pp. 83-111.
- 2.5) The Organic revolt against laissez-faire: John Wesley Powell, Reisner pp. 1-51.
- 2.2) Siry: Commerce & the Public Trust, Marshes pp. 62-82. Plume bird visit.
- 2.3) The Public Trust doctrine, recovering
community -- class activity.
- 2.4) The Worst Hard Time
- 2.5) Cadillac Desert
- 2.6) Mary Austin, Land of Litle Rain
Essay due November 12 revised and printed out- submit to Blackboard™ √.
