What is Justice discussed with time line

Ancient

The GREEK word DIKE or dike meaning compensatory; inherently meaning the process by which in transgressing some limitation amends is made or must be made for social comity -- or a level of polite discourse.

From Homeric to Classical and Platonic Greece the term originated, matured and created a debate.

Mediaeval

St. Augustine and the City of God – Civitas Dei

Natural law and St. Thomas Aquinas.

Hugo Grotius and "the Law of Nations" .

Modern

Galileo, Hobbes and Newton

John Locke and property

Jean Jacques Rousseau and the social will

Denis Diderot, universality of knowledge and "sensibilite'"

Thomas Paine

Corporate responsibility.

Currently

The double "P", double "C" game

	I	Them
a.	personal, private property	Corporate, private property
b.	individual expense	factory externality

Pollution is any substance whose toxicity or potential excess can interfere with life sustaining processes, such as ecosystem services, or biological renewal and geochemical cycles, or may pose risks to human health.

Photographed at the end of the 19th century by Jacob Riis, scenes like this in Manhattan are said to have shamed people into eradicating slums in America's premier and largest city.

Analogies can help us think differently about familiar things; and reconsider parts we overlook.

Steamship -- a spacious means of ocean transport on which large numbers, in different classes, travel together from point to point on their way to a common destination.

By analogy the steamship (lifeboat ethics) is the earth -- one planet indivisible.

"Titanic" -- was a ship that sunk in 1905 with many of its crew and passengers on board.

Thus, the titanic effect is that we assume security or safety when in reality every step we take exposes us to greater risk of disaster, or needless (preventable) loss of life.

Life boats -- there were not a sufficient number of life boats on the Titanic.

The life boats were not immediately loaded and dispatched since the assumption was that the ship could not sink.

The signals of disaster are by analogy, ignored, because of other -- often overriding concepts of circumstances.

• Spaceship analogy: R. Buckminster Fuller (1963) was that we are all passengers on the same small craft traveling safely through harsh space only so long as we take care to provision the ship and maintain its life-support systems.

• "X-Files" as the unaccounted for parts of reality.

• Hale Bop comet: a celestial event seen in the sky that some people took as a sign of the world's ending.

Next

Origins of the idea | Examples to debate | Jacob Riis' photographs | Dates in history | Readings | related words | course to know

Sample related concepts to justice:

inequality of

wealth (savings & capital) vs. income (labor, wages, dividends, earnings)

equal opportunity

homelessness

legal proscription & protection vs moral indignity

Thoreau

All important dates in the past.

Farm Workers.

Global Warming.

Water for some or all?

Education as a dream of access to knowledge for all.

Readings

justice

"j euø st __ iss"

Two: First ____ Second

two syllables

question

noun

1. reasonable behavior or respectable treatment: a concern for fairness, peace, and genuine respect for all other people's lives and liberties.

• the quality of being fair and reasonable : the justice of this case.
• The administration of the law or authority in maintaining this legally assured status: a tragic miscarriage of justice.

• comity -- considerate behavior of others

• impartiality of public treatment with respect to a person's condition
• ( Justice) the personification of justice, usually a blindfolded woman holding scales and a sword -- icon; the statue on top of the US Capitol building in Washington D.C.

Select the map to enlarge and see per pupil spending in each US county.

2. a judge or magistrate, in particular a judge of the supreme court of a country or state.

Next

A question ?

What image arises when you consider the meaning of these
PHRASES:

To bring someone to justice-- arrest someone for a crime and ensure that they are tried in court.
To do oneself justice --perform as well as one is able to.
To do someone/something justice (or do justice to someone/something)
To treat, or represent with due fairness or appreciation that is due to any and all persons.

Why?

There is an implication in these uses of the word justice of limitations, boundaries or thresholds of accepted behavior.

The Greeks had in mind during their golden age of Athens that there were laws (NOMOS) that enshrined the ideals of appropriate, fair and impartial behavior due with respect to citizens and slaves alike for which people could be held accountable.

The transgression of these boundaries, in terms of traditions, folkways, or mores, had always entailed social ostracism or punishment that may include restitution. As the law became established to assure the continuity of transactions in a commercial culture, retribution and restitution became part of the means by which those who broke the law would be asked to make good on their mistakes.

Historically significant dates:

1531 able-bodied men are forbidden to beg in England

1770 Samuel Johnson's commentary on poverty

1786 Joseph Townsend's Dissertation on the Poor laws

1798 Thomas Malthus "Essay on Population"

1846 F. M. Dostoevsky's novel Poor Folk

1872 Henry George, reformer, Progress & Poverty

1892 Coxey's Army (indigent Civil War veterans) marches on Washington

1933 Upton Sinclair's campaign to "End Poverty in California" called EPIC

1936 James Agee & Walker Evans' Alabama photo essay

1967 Houston "race" riot over garbage dump death

1968 Martin Luther King's memoriam – "Poor People's March" on Washington D. C.

2008 Barak Obama elected US president, the first person of African & American ancestry

book

Susan Sontag, Regarding the Pain of Others
This was her last book, published in 2003 before her death in 2004.

Neil Postman, Amusing Ourselves to Death.

Stephen J. Rose

Kathleen Parker on what constitutes news in the age of the Internet: 8-1-08

Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, Walker Evans and James Agee, 1941.

Overseas, or Foreign Press a sampling

USA print media, daily newspapers

Three contemporary virtues are:

Justice, liberality, and mercy.

Taking action