When writing

--and especially when speaking on or about any topic--


it is important to convey, either explicitly or implicitly the following information to any reader:

A: One -- explicit -- from explicate

Unambiguously demonstrated by the exact words; verbatim recall

B: Two -- implicit -- implied clearly stated inherent in the meaning

Understood generally from context by reading between the lines, open to some interpretation based on clues from the surrounding descriptions.

Whether implicit or explicit, consider these five universal factors as necessary to cover in any informative writing.


An intelligible structure arises from the focus on:

Who | What | When | Where | How


Who says this and their level of authority?

What are they saying and of what importance is your focusing on that?

When did they say it; in what period did it occur? For how long did it last?

Where did it happen?

How did it occur and who were affected by the events?

What is the significance of your point?

How much evidence is there for your beliefs?

Who are the authorities on the subject?

Where is the critical information to sustain the evidence and your interpretation?

When was this last taken seriously?


Your suggestions and remedy for this state of affairs should be clearly stated in the beginning and restated more convincingly at the conclusion. Stick to your message.

Leave a distinct, lasting and persuasive impression on readers or listeners.

Writing | Writing Criteria: listed as a form for | Free writing


An example

Guide to my book