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Cosmic ladder

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The layers of complexity revealed by genetics research.

Newly emerging dimensions in the "conditions of existence."

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Ladder or stairs of order

macrocosm

organisms          
  cells        
    organelles      
      molecules    
        atomic elements (•)  
          sub-atomic particles

microcosm.

Cosmos

ladder

Earth

 

 

Level 1: The organism and the conditions of it's existence

The frog pond in the forest is the visual metaphor recalling the encasing of life within life. The encasing means that the organism is embedded in the environment and within the frog's cells is embedded in the chromosomes where deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is concealed from the cells and intracellular conditions.

Genetics Index

organisms          
  cells        
    organelles      
      molecules    
        atomic elements (•)  
          sub-atomic particles

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Level 2: The Cell

Eukaryotic (complex, nucleated, with endosymbionts) Prokaryotic (simple, not nucleated)

 

organisms          
  cells        
    organelles      
      molecules    
        atomic elements (•)  
          sub-atomic particles

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Level 2.1: The Cell membrane is a complex of protein structures.

 

organisms          
  cells        
    organelles      
      molecules    
        atomic elements (•)  
          sub-atomic particles

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Level 2.2: Proteins

 

Proteins are assembled in cells by ribosomes from amino acids using the encoded information found in DNA and translated by RNA.

Level 3: Amino Acids

Genetics Index

organisms          
  cells        
    organelles      
      molecules    
        atomic elements (•)  
          sub-atomic particles

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Protein hemoglobin responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood stream.

 

Century of the Gene, E. F. Keller on genetics and a search for meaning.

organisms          
  cells        
    organelles      
      molecules    
        atomic elements (•)  
          sub-atomic particles
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DNA, James Watson

The Human Genome, editor of Nature

Genome, Matt Ridley

The Century of the Gene, E. Fox Keller

The Triple Helix, Richard Lewontin

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Descartes | Galileo | Hooke | Newton | Einstein | Tattersall | Gell-Mann